Hurricane safety rules for state and county buildings

Section 430 of the International Building Code is amended by adding section 430 to read as follows: SECTION 430 STATE AND COUNTY OWNED HIGH OCCUPANCY BUILDINGS DESIGN CRITERIA FOR ENHANCED HURRICANE PROTECTION AREAS 430.1 Intent. The purpose of this section is to establish minimum life safety design criteria for enhanced hurricane protection areas in high occupancy state- and county-owned buildings occupied during hurricanes of up to Saffir Simpson Category 3. 430.2 Scope. This section shall apply to state- and county-owned buildings which are of occupancy category III and IV defined by table 1604.5 and of the following specific occupancies: 1. Enclosed and partially enclosed structures whose primary occupancy is public assembly with an occupant load greater than three hundred. 2. Health care facilities with an occupant load of fifty or more resident patients, but not having surgery or emergency treatment facilities. 3. Any other state- and county-owned enclosed or partially enclosed building with an occupant load greater than five thousand. 4. Hospitals and other health care facilities having surgery or emergency treatment facilities. Exception: Facilities located within flood zone V and flood zone A that are designated by the owner to be evacuated during hurricane warnings declared by the National Weather Service, shall not be subject to these requirements. 430.3 Site Criteria 430.3.1 Flood zones. Comply with ASCE 24-14, Flood Resistant Design and Construction, based on provisions for Risk Category III. 1. Floor slab on grade shall be 1.5 foot above the base flood elevation of the county's flood hazard map, or a higher elevation as determined by a modeling methodology that predicts the maximum envelope and depth of inundation including the combined effects of storm surge and wave actions with respect to a category 3 hurricane, nor less than the flood elevation associated with a 500-year mean recurrence interval. 2. Locate outside of V and Coastal A flood zones unless justified by site-specific analysis or designed for vertical evacuation in accordance with a method approved by the building official. When a building within a V or Coastal A flood zone is approved, the bottom of the lowest structural framing member of any elevated first floor space shall be 2 feet above the base flood elevation of the county's flood hazard map, or at higher elevation as determined by a modeling methodology that predicts the maximum envelope and depth of inundation including the combined effects of storm surge and wave actions with respect to a category 3 hurricane, nor less than the flood elevation associated with a 500-year mean recurrence interval. 430.3.2 Emergency vehicle access. Provide at least one route for emergency vehicle access. The portion of the emergency route within the site shall be above the 100-year flood elevation. 430.3.3 Landscaping and utility laydown impact hazards. Landscaping around the building shall be designed to provide standoff separation sufficient to maintain emergency vehicle access in the event of mature tree blowdown. Trees shall not interfere with the functioning of overhead or underground utility lines, nor cause laydown or falling impact hazard to the building envelope or utility lines. 430.3.4 Adjacent buildings. The building shall not be located within 1,000 feet of any hazardous material facilities defined by table 1604.5. Unanchored light-framed portable structures shall be not permitted within 300 feet of the building, unless the windborne debris hazard of the portable structure uplift is mitigated. 430.4 Enhanced hurricane protection area program requirements. 430.4.1 Applicable Net Area. At least 50 percent of the net square feet of a facility shall be constructed to qualify as an enhanced hurricane protection area. The net floor area shall be determined by subtracting from the gross square feet the floor area of excluded spaces, exterior walls, columns, fixed or movable objects, equipment or other features that under probable conditions cannot be removed or stored during use as a storm shelter. 430.4.2 Excluded spaces. Spaces such as mechanical and electrical rooms, storage rooms, attic and crawl spaces, shall not be considered as net floor area permitted to be occupied during a hurricane. 430.4.3 Occupancy Capacity. The occupancy capacity shall be determined by dividing the net area of the enhanced hurricane protection area by 15 square feet net floor area per person. 430.4.4 Toilets and hand washing facilities. Toilet and hand washing facilities shall be located and accessible from within the perimeter of the enhanced hurricane protection area. 430.4.5 Accessibility. Where the refuge occupancy accommodates more than fifty persons, provide an ADA-accessible route to a shelter area at each facility with a minimum of one wheelchair space for every two hundred enhanced hurricane protection area occupants determined per section 430.4.3. 430.5 Design wind, rain, and impact loads. 430.5.1 Structural design criteria. The building main wind force resisting system and structural components shall be designed per ASCE 7 for a 115 mph minimum peak 3-second gust design speed with a load factor of 1.6, and an importance factor for occupancy category III. Topographic and directionality factors shall be the site-specific values determined per chapter 16. Design for interior pressure based on the largest opening in any exterior facade or roof surface. 430.5.2 Windborne debris missile impact for building enclosure elements. Exterior glazing and glazed openings, louvers, roof openings and doors shall be provided with windborne debris impact resistance or protection systems conforming to ASTM E1996-14 Level D, i.e., 9 lb, 2 × 4 @ 50 fps (34 mph). 430.5.3 Cyclic pressure loading of impact resistive glazing or windborne impact protective systems. Resistance to the calculated maximum inward and outward pressure shall be designed to conform to ASTM E1996-14. 430.5.4 Windows. All unprotected window assemblies and their anchoring systems shall be designed and installed to meet the wind load and missile impact criteria of this section. 430.5.5 Window protective systems. Windows may be provided with permanent or deployable protective systems, provided the protective system is designed and installed to meet the wind load and missile impact criteria and completely covers the window assembly and anchoring system. 430.5.6 Doors. All exterior and interior doors subject to possible wind exposure and/or missile impact shall have doors, frames, anchoring devices, and vision panels designed and installed to resist the wind load and missile impact criteria or such doors, frames, anchoring devices, and vision panels shall be provided with impact protective systems designed and installed to resist the wind load and missile impact criteria of this section. 430.5.7 Exterior envelope. The building enclosure, including walls, roofs, glazed openings, louvers and doors, shall not be perforated or penetrated by windborne debris, as determined by compliance with ASTM El996-14 Level D. 430.5.8 Parapets. Parapets shall satisfy the wind load and missile impact criteria of the exterior envelope. 430.5.9 Roofs 430.5.9.1 Roof openings. Roof openings (e.g., HVAC fans, ducts, skylights) shall be provided with protection for the wind load and missile impact criteria of sections 430.5.2 and 430.5.3 of this code. 430.5.9.2 High wind roof coverings. Roof coverings shall be specified and designed according to the latest ASTM Standards for high wind uplift forces and section 1507, whichever is the greater. 430.5.9.3 Roof drainage. Roofs shall have adequate slope, drains and overflow drains or scuppers sized to accommodate 100- year hourly rainfall rates in accordance with section 1611.1, but not less than 2-inches per hour for six continuous hours. 430.6 Ventilation 430.6.1 Mechanical ventilation. Mechanical ventilation as required per the International Mechanical Code. Air intakes and exhausts shall be designed and installed to meet the wind load and missile impact criteria of sections 430.5.2 and 430.5.3. 430.6.2 HVAC equipment anchorage. HVAC equipment mounted on roofs and anchoring systems shall be designed and installed to meet the wind load criteria. Roof openings for roof-mounted HVAC equipment shall have a 12-inch-high curb designed to prevent the entry of rain water. 430.7 Standby electrical system capability. Provide a standby emergency electrical power system per chapter 27 and NFPA 70 Article 700 Emergency Systems and Article 701 Legally Required Standby Systems, which shall have the capability of being connected to an emergency generator or other temporary power source. The emergency system capabilities shall include: 1. An emergency lighting system, 2. Illuminated exit signs, 3. Fire protection system(s), alarm and sprinkler, and 4. Minimum mechanical ventilation for health/safety purposes. 430.7.1 Emergency Generator. When emergency generators are pre-installed, the facility housing the generator, permanent or portable, shall be an enclosed area designed to protect the generators from wind and missile impact. Generators hardened by the manufacturer to withstand the area's design wind and missile impact criteria shall be exempt from the enclosed area criteria requirement. 430.8 Quality assurance 430.8.1 Information on construction documents. Construction documents shall include design criteria, the occupancy capacity of the enhanced hurricane protective area, and project specifications shall include opening protection devices. Floor plans shall indicate all enhanced hurricane protection area portions of the facility and exiting routes there from. The latitude and longitude coordinates of the building shall be recorded on the construction documents. 430.8.2. Special inspection. In addition to the requirements of chapter 17, special inspections shall include at least the following systems and components: 1. Roof cladding and roof framing connections. 2. Wall connections to roof and floor diaphragms and framing. 3. Roof and floor diaphragm systems, including collectors, drag struts and boundary elements. 4. Vertical windforce-resisting systems, including braced frames, moment frames and shear walls. 5. Windforce-resisting system connections to the foundation. 6. Fabrication and installation of systems or components required to meet the impact-resistance requirements of section 1609.1.2 of this code. Exception: Fabrication of manufactured systems or components that have a label indicating compliance with the wind-load and impact-resistance requirements of this code. 430.8.3 Quality assurance plan. A construction quality assurance program shall be included in the construction documents, including: 1. The materials, systems, components and work required to have special inspection or testing by the building official or by the registered design professional responsible for each portion of the work. 2. The type and extent of each special inspection. 3. The type and extent of each test. 4. Additional requirements for special inspection or testing for seismic or wind resistance. 5. For each type of special inspection, identification as to whether it will be continuous special inspection or periodic special inspection. 430.8.4 Peer Review. Construction documents shall be independently reviewed by a Hawaiʻi-licensed structural engineer. A written opinion report of compliance shall be submitted to State Civil Defense, the building official, and the owner. 430.9 Maintenance. The building shall be periodically inspected every three years and maintained by the owner to ensure structural integrity and compliance with this section. A report of inspection shall be furnished to State Civil Defense. 430.10 Compliance re-certification when altered, deteriorated, or damaged. Alterations shall be reviewed by a Hawaiʻi-licensed structural engineer to determine whether any alterations would cause a violation of this section. Deterioration or damage to any component of the building shall require an evaluation by a Hawaiʻi-licensed structural engineer to determine repairs necessary to maintain compliance with this section. ( Ord. No. 5508 , § 3, 2023) _____