Who manages the northwestern Hawaiian islands

(a) The federal government has jurisdiction to manage most of the northwestern islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago. All northwestern Hawaiian islands, except Kure Atoll, are a part of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge established in 1909; these islands are administered and controlled by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Kure Atoll is also a wildlife refuge, but it is under the jurisdiction of the State of Hawaii, department of land and natural resources, division of fish and game. On French Frigate Shoals (Tern Island), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has facilities and an airstrip. All of the northwestern Hawaiian islands and archipelagic waters within the State of Hawaii are included in the State land use conservation district; thus, the State manages the subject islands where there is no federal jurisdiction. (b) The city’s general plan expresses: (1) The city’s awareness of the abundant and diverse populations of birds, marine life, and native plants in the northwestern Hawaiian islands; (2) The city’s awareness of the unique importance of these fragile resources; and (3) The city’s concern for their protection by appropriate agencies of the State and federal governments. )